Wiki/Reference
Primary Sources for AI Capex Research
A working reference for finding primary data on AI infrastructure capital expenditure, data center power, and the supply chain. Organized by source category. Every entry is intended to let a reader pull the underlying numbers themselves rather than relying on secondhand reporting.
Last reviewed: 2026-05.
1. SEC EDGAR Filings (Free)
Source: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission EDGAR URL: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedgar/companysearch Full-text search: https://efts.sec.gov/LATEST/search-index?q= XBRL API: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK{10-digit}.json Cost: Free, no login
How to pull a 10-K
- Search by ticker or CIK at the EDGAR company search.
- Filter Filing Type = "10-K" (annual) or "10-Q" (quarterly) or "8-K" (material events).
- Open the most recent filing and look for the "10-K" or "Form 10-K" exhibit (not the cover-page index).
- For machine-readable financials, use the
companyfactsJSON endpoint by CIK (e.g.,https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000789019.jsonfor Microsoft). The fieldsPaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment,PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet, andDepreciationare the workhorses for capex tracking.
Key sections that matter for capex
- Item 1A – Risk Factors: capacity constraints, power availability, GPU supply, customer concentration.
- Item 7 – MD&A: the prose explanation of capex run-rate, "purchase commitments," and forward guidance. The hyperscaler "long-lived assets" disclosure is here.
- Item 7A – Quantitative Disclosures: power-price hedges, FX.
- Notes to Financial Statements – typically Notes 4/5/6: Property, Plant & Equipment by category and useful life; lease obligations (data center leases); commitments and contingencies (multi-billion power and chip purchase orders).
- Item 8 – Cash Flow Statement: the actual capex line ("purchases of property and equipment").
Tickers and CIKs worth tracking
Hyperscalers and silicon:
| Ticker | Company | CIK |
|---|---|---|
| MSFT | Microsoft | 0000789019 |
| META | Meta Platforms | 0001326801 |
| GOOG / GOOGL | Alphabet | 0001652044 |
| AMZN | Amazon | 0001018724 |
| ORCL | Oracle | 0001341439 |
| AAPL | Apple | 0000320193 |
| NVDA | NVIDIA | 0001045810 |
| AVGO | Broadcom | 0001730168 |
| AMD | Advanced Micro Devices | 0000002488 |
| TSM | Taiwan Semiconductor (20-F, not 10-K) | 0001046179 |
| ANET | Arista Networks | 0001596532 |
| VRT | Vertiv | 0001674101 |
| EQIX | Equinix (REIT) | 0001101239 |
| DLR | Digital Realty (REIT) | 0001297996 |
| IRM | Iron Mountain | 0001020569 |
Neoclouds and GPU-as-a-service:
| Ticker | Company |
|---|---|
| CRWV | CoreWeave |
| APLD | Applied Digital |
| IREN | IREN (formerly Iris Energy) |
| CORZ | Core Scientific |
| HUT | Hut 8 |
| WULF | TeraWulf |
| CIFR | Cipher Mining |
| NBIS | Nebius Group |
Newer EDGAR tools
- XBRL Financial Data API (
data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/): pulls standardized tags across filers. Concept lookups (/concept/...) let you compare the same line item across all hyperscalers in one curl. - EDGAR Full-Text Search (https://efts.sec.gov/LATEST/search-index?q=...): regex-style search across all filings. Example:
q=%22data+center%22+%22power+purchase+agreement%22&dateRange=custom&startdt=2024-01-01&forms=10-K.
Example query worth citing
Microsoft FY2024 10-K (filed July 30, 2024), Item 7 MD&A — discloses $44.5B FY2024 capex and the explicit shift to "AI infrastructure" within PP&E. Pull via: https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000789019&type=10-K
2. Earnings Call Transcripts
| Source | URL | Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Motley Fool | https://www.fool.com/earnings-call-transcripts/ | Free, partial | Truncated Q&A; good for prepared remarks. |
| Seeking Alpha | https://seekingalpha.com/earnings/earnings-call-transcripts | Paywalled (~$240/yr) | Cleanest full transcripts. |
| AlphaStreet | https://news.alphastreet.com/category/transcripts/ | Free | Full transcripts, slower to post. |
| Company IR pages | (per issuer) | Free | The original audio + slides; often the only primary source for guidance language. |
| Quartr | https://quartr.com | Freemium | Audio + auto-generated transcripts, good mobile UX. |
| Roic.ai / Stratosphere.io | various | Freemium | Aggregates transcripts with metric extraction. |
Update frequency: Quarterly, within 24-72 hours of the call.
Example to cite: Meta Q1 2025 earnings call, prepared remarks — Zuckerberg's "$60-65B" capex range, followed by Susan Li's color on Llama training spend. Cross-reference Motley Fool with Meta IR's PDF transcript at https://investor.atmeta.com.
3. DOE / LBNL Energy Reports
| Report / Program | URL | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 U.S. Data Center Energy Usage Report (LBNL, Dec 2024) | https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/2024-12/lbnl-2024-united-states-data-center-energy-usage-report.pdf | The landmark study. Projects 6.7–12.0% of U.S. electricity by 2028. |
| LBNL Data Center Energy Program | https://datacenters.lbl.gov | Earlier studies (2016, 2007), water use, PUE benchmarks. |
| DOE Loan Programs Office (LPO) | https://www.energy.gov/lpo/loan-programs-office | Loan guarantees for grid + nuclear. Active portfolio JSON at https://www.energy.gov/lpo/portfolio-projects. |
| EIA Grid Monitor / Hourly demand | https://www.eia.gov/electricity/gridmonitor/ | Hourly load by BA — see Section 4. |
| DOE Critical Materials Assessment | https://www.energy.gov/eere/critical-materials-assessment | Gallium, germanium, copper for power infra. |
| DOE Grid Deployment Office | https://www.energy.gov/gdo/grid-deployment-office | Transmission planning, NIETC corridors. |
Cost: All free. Update frequency: LBNL major reports roughly every 5–8 years; DOE LPO data updated monthly; EIA grid monitor hourly.
Example to cite: Shehabi et al., 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report, LBNL-2001637 — the "176 TWh in 2023" baseline figure that every analyst now anchors against.
4. EIA (Energy Information Administration)
Root URL: https://www.eia.gov Open Data API: https://www.eia.gov/opendata/ (free API key) Cost: Free.
| Dataset | URL | Frequency | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Form EIA-861 (utility sales & customers) | https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia861/ | Annual (Oct release for prior year) | Sales to commercial/industrial by utility — proxy for data center load. |
| Form EIA-860 (generator inventory) | https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/ | Annual + monthly preliminary | Every generator by plant, fuel, online date, retirement. |
| Form EIA-923 (monthly generation & fuel) | https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/ | Monthly | Plant-level MWh and fuel burn. |
| Hourly Grid Monitor | https://www.eia.gov/electricity/gridmonitor/dashboard/electric_overview/US48/US48 | Hourly | Demand by Balancing Authority — watch PJM AEP, Dominion (DOM), ERCO, MISO. |
| Industrial sector sales by state | https://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/ | Monthly | Track Virginia, Texas, Iowa, Oregon, Arizona. |
| Short-Term Energy Outlook | https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/ | Monthly | National load forecast with data-center adjustment since mid-2024. |
| Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) | https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/ | Annual | Now has a data-center "side case" as of AEO2025. |
Example to cite: EIA-861 2023 release, Dominion Virginia Power industrial sales — shows the inflection in Northern Virginia commercial-class consumption. Cross with PJM DOM zone load (Section 6).
5. FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)
Root URL: https://www.ferc.gov eLibrary (orders/filings): https://elibrary.ferc.gov/eLibrary/search Cost: Free; no login for read-only.
| Resource | URL | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| eLibrary full docket search | https://elibrary.ferc.gov/eLibrary/search | Search by docket, filer, full text. |
| FERC Form 1 (utility financial) | https://www.ferc.gov/industries-data/electric/general-information/electric-industry-forms | Annual; rate base data. |
| FERC Form 714 (planning area hourly) | https://www.ferc.gov/industries-data/electric/general-information/electric-industry-forms/form-no-714-annual-electric/data | Annual; hourly load history. |
| Electric Quarterly Reports (EQR) | https://www.ferc.gov/power-sales-and-markets/electric-quarterly-reports-eqr | Wholesale market transactions. |
| Open Access Same-Time Information System (OASIS) | per RTO | Transmission availability. |
Dockets worth watching
- ER24-2172 — Talen / Susquehanna co-located Amazon load Interconnection Service Agreement; rejected Nov 2024. Sets the precedent on "behind-the-meter" data center deals.
- EL24-122 / EL24-123 — AEP and Exelon complaint over same.
- RM22-14 (Order 2023) — interconnection queue reform.
- RM21-17 (Order 1920) — long-term regional transmission planning, finalized May 2024.
- AD24-11 — FERC technical conference on large-load interconnection (Nov 2024).
- PJM capacity auction filings — search docket prefix
ER25-for PJM.
LMP / market data:
- FERC doesn't publish LMP directly; each ISO does (see Section 6). FERC's Office of Energy Policy and Innovation publishes the State of the Markets report annually: https://www.ferc.gov/industries-data/market-assessments/reports-analyses
Example to cite: FERC Order rejecting Talen ISA amendment, Docket ER24-2172, issued Nov 1, 2024. The 2-1 decision (Christie, Rosner dissenting in part) is the canonical primary source for the co-location debate.
6. ISO / RTO Data
All free unless noted. The interconnection queues are the leading indicator of future capacity build.
PJM (Mid-Atlantic, incl. Northern Virginia)
- Main data hub: https://dataminer2.pjm.com (free login)
- Queue: https://www.pjm.com/planning/services-requests/interconnection-queues
- Capacity auction results: https://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations/rpm — the July 2024 BRA cleared at $269.92/MW-day, a ~9x jump; 2025/26 BRA results posted July 2025.
- Load forecast: https://www.pjm.com/library/reports-notices/load-forecast-report — annual January release; 2025 report added a "high data-center scenario."
- DOM zone hourly load: Data Miner 2, "Hourly Load Metered" dataset.
ERCOT (Texas)
- Large Flexible Load (LFL) registration: https://www.ercot.com/services/programs/load/lfl
- SARA (Seasonal Assessment of Resource Adequacy): https://www.ercot.com/gridinfo/resource — published May/Nov.
- CDR (Capacity, Demand and Reserves): https://www.ercot.com/gridinfo/resource/2024 — semi-annual; the May 2024 CDR was the first to show explicit AI/crypto large load.
- Interconnection queue (GIS report): https://www.ercot.com/gridinfo/resource — monthly Excel.
- Real-time LMP: https://www.ercot.com/content/cdr/html/real_time_spp
MISO
- Queue: https://www.misoenergy.org/planning/generator-interconnection/GI_Queue/
- OMS-MISO Survey: annual capacity adequacy. https://www.misoenergy.org/planning/resource-adequacy/
SPP
- Generator Interconnection: https://www.spp.org/engineering/generator-interconnection/
- Integrated Transmission Planning: https://www.spp.org/engineering/transmission-planning/
CAISO
- OASIS: http://oasis.caiso.com/mrioasis/logon.do
- Queue Cluster reports: https://www.caiso.com/planning/Pages/GeneratorInterconnection/Default.aspx
- Today's Outlook (real-time): https://www.caiso.com/todays-outlook
NYISO
- Interconnection queue: https://www.nyiso.com/interconnections
- Gold Book (load & capacity): https://www.nyiso.com/library — annual.
ISO-NE
- Interconnection queue: https://www.iso-ne.com/system-planning/system-plans-studies/interconnection-process
- CELT report (load forecast): https://www.iso-ne.com/system-planning/system-plans-studies/celt — annual May.
Example to cite: PJM 2025/26 Base Residual Auction results — the cleared price (and the LDA-level splits for DOM and BGE) is the cleanest market signal on data-center capacity scarcity.
7. State Public Utility Commissions
Each PUC publishes dockets, testimony, IRPs, and rate case filings. All free; some require account creation to download attachments.
| State / Body | Portal | Cases to watch |
|---|---|---|
| Virginia SCC | https://scc.virginia.gov/casesearch | Dominion 2024 IRP (Case PUR-2024-00184); data center cost-allocation proceeding. |
| Georgia PSC | https://psc.ga.gov/search/facts-document-search/ | Georgia Power 2025 IRP Update (Docket 56002); Mickey's Creek and Robins AFB load. |
| Indiana URC | https://iurc.portal.in.gov/legal-case-details/ | NIPSCO 2024 IRP; AEP Indiana Michigan rate case; Duke Energy Indiana IRP. |
| Texas PUC | https://interchange.puc.texas.gov | Docket 56822 (large-load interconnection rule); ERCOT-PUC joint workshops. |
| Ohio PUCO | https://dis.puc.state.oh.us | AEP Ohio data-center tariff (Case 24-508-EL-ATA). |
| Oregon PUC | https://apps.puc.state.or.us/edockets/ | PacifiCorp, PGE IRPs; Hillsboro cluster. |
| Arizona ACC | https://docket.images.azcc.gov | APS and SRP planning; Maricopa load. |
| Iowa Utilities Board | https://efs.iowa.gov | MidAmerican; West Des Moines (Microsoft cluster). |
| Mississippi PSC | https://www.psc.state.ms.us | Entergy Mississippi data-center tariffs. |
| Washington UTC | https://www.utc.wa.gov/casedocket | PSE Quincy cluster. |
Example to cite: Virginia SCC Case PUR-2024-00184 — Dominion's 2024 Integrated Resource Plan filing. Volume 1 narrative + Volume 3 load forecast appendix contain Dominion's explicit Northern Virginia data-center MW build-out by year through 2039.
8. Local Government Records
Zoning approvals, special-use permits, and water/sewer agreements are the earliest leading indicator — usually 12-24 months before energization.
| Jurisdiction | Portal | What to look for |
|---|---|---|
| Loudoun County, VA (BOS + Planning) | https://loudoun.gov/agendas; https://lod.loudoun.gov | Special exception (SPEX) applications; SBLA letters; Dominion service requests. |
| Prince William County, VA | https://www.pwcva.gov/department/planning-office | "Digital Gateway" rezoning; PW Digital. |
| Fairfax County, VA | https://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/planning-development/ | Reston, Herndon zoning. |
| Memphis / Shelby County, TN | https://shelbycountytn.gov; https://memphistn.gov | xAI Colossus permitting, MLGW power agreements. |
| Maricopa County, AZ | https://www.maricopa.gov/2731/Planning-Development | Goodyear, Mesa, Phoenix data center parcels. |
| Hillsboro / Washington County, OR | https://www.co.washington.or.us | Hyperscaler cluster permits. |
| Dallas / Tarrant / Denton County, TX | county portals | Anywhere along the I-35/I-30 corridor. |
| Hennepin County, MN | https://www.hennepin.us | Emerging Twin Cities builds. |
| Story County / Altoona, IA | https://www.storycountyiowa.gov | Microsoft West Des Moines. |
| Henrico / Chesterfield County, VA | county portals | Southside Virginia expansion. |
Tip: Most counties post planning commission packets as PDFs 5-10 days before the meeting. Set a Google Alert: site:loudoun.gov "data center" filetype:pdf.
Example to cite: Loudoun County BOS Business Meeting Action Item, "SPEX-2024-XXXX," for any named hyperscaler campus — these packets include parcel acreage, building square footage, and the requested MW load.
9. Industry Research (Mixed)
| Source | URL | Access | Strength |
|---|---|---|---|
| SemiAnalysis (Dylan Patel) | https://www.semianalysis.com | Paid (~$500-$2,500/yr); free posts weekly | GPU economics, accelerator roadmaps, supply chain. |
| SemiWiki | https://semiwiki.com | Free | Foundry process nodes, EDA. |
| Tom's Hardware | https://www.tomshardware.com | Free | Consumer-tier benchmarks, sometimes leaks. |
| AnandTech (archive) | https://www.anandtech.com | Free; site wound down 2024 | Historical deep dives. |
| Wood Mackenzie | https://www.woodmac.com | Paid; free press releases | Power markets, solar/storage. |
| S&P Global Commodity Insights / Platts | https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights | Paid | Power LMPs, gas prices, supply contracts. |
| Aurora Energy Research | https://auroraer.com | Paid; free webinars | UK / EU / U.S. power forecasts. |
| Synergy Research Group | https://www.srgresearch.com | Paid; press releases free | Cloud market share, capex totals. |
| Omdia | https://omdia.tech.informa.com | Paid | Server / GPU shipments. |
| IDC | https://www.idc.com | Paid | IT spending trackers. |
| Gartner | https://www.gartner.com | Paid | Hype Cycles, IT forecasts. |
| Datacenter Dynamics (DCD) | https://www.datacenterdynamics.com | Free | Build announcements, M&A news. |
| Data Center Knowledge | https://www.datacenterknowledge.com | Free | Trade press. |
| Data Center Frontier | https://www.datacenterfrontier.com | Free | The best free U.S. trade publication; Rich Miller. |
| The Information | https://www.theinformation.com | Paid (~$400/yr) | Hyperscaler scoops; org-chart granularity. |
| 451 Research (S&P) | https://451research.com | Paid | Datacenter capex models. |
| Dell'Oro Group | https://www.delloro.com | Paid; press releases | Switch / optics / server shipments. |
Example to cite: SemiAnalysis "AI Datacenter Industrial Model" (subscription) — the granular GPU-to-MW conversion factor that every sell-side analyst now uses. For a free anchor, cite Synergy Research's quarterly hyperscaler capex press release.
10. Academic / Think Tank
| Source | URL | Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Resources for the Future (RFF) | https://www.rff.org | Data-center load growth, grid policy. |
| LBNL Energy Analysis & Environmental Impacts Division | https://eaei.lbl.gov | The home of the 2024 DC energy report. |
| LBNL Electricity Markets & Policy Group | https://emp.lbl.gov | Tracking the Sun, queue studies, IRPs. |
| UC Berkeley Energy & Resources Group (ERG) | https://erg.berkeley.edu | Cradle-to-grave energy systems. |
| Stanford Precourt Institute for Energy | https://energy.stanford.edu | Sustainability of compute. |
| Brookings (Metropolitan Policy Program) | https://www.brookings.edu | Regional economic impact. |
| AEI Energy & Environment | https://www.aei.org/policy-areas/energy-environment/ | Center-right policy. |
| Climate XChange | https://climate-xchange.org | State carbon policy + data centers. |
| Niskanen Center (climate) | https://www.niskanencenter.org/climate/ | Permitting, transmission. |
| Berkeley Haas Energy Institute | https://haas.berkeley.edu/energy-institute/ | Severin Borenstein; rate design. |
| MIT CEEPR | https://ceepr.mit.edu | Working papers on power markets. |
| EPRI | https://www.epri.com | Utility-funded; data center efficiency. |
Example to cite: Aniruddh Mohan et al., "Growing data center electricity demand in the United States," RFF Working Paper (2024) — the most-cited academic forecast outside LBNL.
11. GitHub / Open Data
| Resource | URL | What |
|---|---|---|
| EPA eGRID | https://www.epa.gov/egrid | Emissions intensity (lb CO2/MWh) by eGRID subregion. Annual; the 2023 release dropped Jan 2025. |
| Our World in Data — Energy | https://ourworldindata.org/energy | Global per-country energy, downloadable CSV. |
| OpenInfraMap | https://openinframap.org | OSM-derived map of substations, transmission, plants. |
| PowerOutage.us | https://poweroutage.us | Real-time outage tracker; useful for grid stress events. |
| Data Center Map | https://www.datacentermap.com | Crowdsourced facility locations. |
| dgtl Infra | https://dgtlinfra.com | Free analyst-style maps and tables of campuses by operator. |
| Baxtel | https://baxtel.com | Another crowdsourced DC inventory. |
| Loudoun County DC Map | published in BOS materials; informal copies on GitHub (search "loudoun data center map") | The canonical "Data Center Alley" footprint. |
| Climate TRACE | https://climatetrace.org | Facility-level emissions, including DC where measurable. |
| Global Energy Monitor | https://globalenergymonitor.org | Plant-level tracker for coal, gas, nuclear builds. |
| OpenEI | https://openei.org | DOE-curated datasets, including utility rates database (URDB). |
| Carbon Mapper / WattTime | https://www.watttime.org | Marginal emissions per grid region. |
Example to cite: eGRID2023 Subregion file — pull "SRVC" (Virginia/Carolinas) lb CO2/MWh to compare against any hyperscaler's "matched" RECs claim.
12. People to Follow
Curated by lane. All accessible free unless noted; Substack often has a paid tier with the high-signal content.
Compute / chip economics:
- Dylan Patel — SemiAnalysis. X: @dylan522p.
- Doug O'Laughlin — Fabricated Knowledge. https://www.fabricatedknowledge.com
- Stacy Rasgon — Bernstein sell-side; cited but not on Substack.
Hyperscaler energy:
- Brian Janous — former Microsoft VP of Energy; now Cloverleaf Infrastructure. X: @bjanous.
- Austin Vernon — austinvernon.site. Independent engineer writing on cost curves.
- Brian Potter — Construction Physics (Substack). Build cost and supply chain.
Macro / capital markets bulls:
- Brad Gerstner — Altimeter. Public on CNBC + X: @altcap.
- David Sacks — All-In; AI Czar. X: @DavidSacks.
- Andy Kessler — WSJ columnist.
Skeptics / bears:
- Ed Zitron — Where's Your Ed At (Substack). X: @edzitron.
- Brett Christophers — The Price is Wrong; academic critique of energy markets.
- Doomberg — Substack (paid). Energy realist.
Power journalists:
- Catherine Morehouse — Politico Pro Energy. https://www.politico.com/staff/catherine-morehouse
- Ethan Howland — Utility Dive.
- Robert Walton — Utility Dive.
- Diana DiGangi — Utility Dive.
- Peter Behr — E&E News / Politico.
- Jennifer Hiller — WSJ energy.
- Rich Miller — Data Center Frontier (still the dean of the beat).
Permitting / siting:
- Tyler Norris — Duke Nicholas School; flexible load research.
- Rob Gramlich — Grid Strategies LLC; transmission policy.
13. Trade Associations
| Org | URL | What they publish |
|---|---|---|
| Data Center Coalition | https://www.datacentercoalition.org | Industry lobby; state-level position papers, occasional economic impact studies. |
| iMasons (Infrastructure Masons) | https://imasons.org | Engineering community; iMasons Climate Accord disclosures. |
| Uptime Institute | https://uptimeinstitute.com | Global Data Center Survey (free, annual). |
| Edison Electric Institute (EEI) | https://www.eei.org | Investor-owned utility lobby; transmission and load growth statements. |
| NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) | https://www.nema.org | Transformer / switchgear capacity and lead times. |
| ACORE (American Council on Renewable Energy) | https://acore.org | Clean energy buyers, PPA volumes. |
| Clean Energy Buyers Association (CEBA) | https://cebuyers.org | Corporate PPA tracker (the authoritative U.S. dataset). |
| Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) | https://www.seia.org | Quarterly solar market insight with Wood Mac. |
| American Clean Power (ACP) | https://cleanpower.org | Quarterly market reports on wind, solar, storage. |
| Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) | https://www.nei.org | SMR and uprate tracking. |
| National Mining Association | https://nma.org | Coal generation defense; relevant for grid-constrained regions. |
Example to cite: CEBA "Deal Tracker" — the standard reference for corporate clean-energy procurement volumes (hyperscalers dominate the leaderboard).
14. International
| Source | URL | Use |
|---|---|---|
| IEA — Electricity 2025 | https://www.iea.org/reports/electricity-2025 | The data-center chapter is the canonical global forecast; cites 945 TWh by 2030. |
| IEA — Energy and AI special report (2025) | https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai | Standalone deep dive published April 2025. |
| OECD AI Policy Observatory | https://oecd.ai | Country AI policy database; compute infrastructure tagged. |
| European Commission — Energy reports | https://energy.ec.europa.eu | EU data center sustainability regulation, EED Article 12 reporting. |
| EU Data Centre Energy Reporting (EED Art. 12) | https://energy-efficient-products.ec.europa.eu/ecodesign-and-energy-label/product-list/data-centres_en | Mandatory EU-wide DC efficiency disclosure starting 2024. |
| Ofgem (UK regulator) | https://www.ofgem.gov.uk | UK grid, connection reform. |
| National Grid ESO (UK) | https://www.nationalgrideso.com | Future Energy Scenarios. |
| Eurostat — Energy | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy | EU electricity statistics. |
| ENTSO-E Transparency Platform | https://transparency.entsoe.eu | EU-wide hourly load, generation, prices. Free login. |
| CRU Group | https://www.crugroup.com | Paid; copper, aluminum, steel for grid/DC. |
| Wood Mackenzie Power & Renewables | https://www.woodmac.com | Paid; global PPA and capacity. |
| Rystad Energy | https://www.rystadenergy.com | Paid; oil & gas + power. |
| BloombergNEF | https://about.bnef.com | Paid via Bloomberg Terminal; some free reports. |
| China NEA / NDRC announcements | http://www.nea.gov.cn | Chinese grid investment, "Eastern Data Western Compute" megaproject. |
| Japan METI | https://www.meti.go.jp/english/ | Japan's AI semiconductor and grid policy. |
| Korea KEPCO | https://home.kepco.co.kr | South Korea grid and DC growth. |
Example to cite: IEA Energy and AI (April 2025), Figure 2.X — the per-region split of global data-center electricity demand. Pair with the EED Article 12 EU dataset for facility-level European disclosure.
Workflow Recipe
A reproducible "find the number" workflow for a typical AI-capex question:
- Start with the 10-K cash-flow line (EDGAR / XBRL) for the headline capex number.
- Cross-check the earnings transcript (AlphaStreet / IR PDF) for forward guidance language and the "AI vs. non-AI" split.
- Pull the relevant PJM/ERCOT load forecast for the geography where that capex is going.
- Check the state PUC docket for the load-serving utility's IRP, which translates capex into MW and into rate impact.
- Cross-reference county planning packets for site-specific parcel and MW values.
- Compare against LBNL / IEA top-down forecast to sanity-check the rollup.
- Use eGRID + CEBA to translate the MW into emissions and PPA volumes.
Following this loop keeps every number traceable to a primary, citable source — which is the entire point of this page.